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Bookshelf ID: NBK562181 PMID: 32965852. Urination or micturition removes metabolic products and toxic wastes filtered from the kidneys and is a vital human bodily function. The micturition reflex requires a complex network of signals between the nervous system and the urinary tract. Urine storage and bladder emptying are highly dependent on.

Normal Urine Routine Report

Bence Jones protein refers to a urinary protein that leaves the solution at approximately 56^oC under particular conditions of ionic strength and pH and returns to the solution on further heating to 100^oC. It represents a homogeneous population of kappa or lambda-type light chains. The presence of these immunoglobulin light-chain proteins in the urine is linked to several systemic diseases.

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Proteinuria is a broad term used to describe protein in the urine. It is a general term for the presence of proteins, including albumin, globulin, Bence-Jones protein, and mucoprotein in the urine.[1] Almost half of the protein lost in normal urine is derived from the distal tubule, known as Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG).[2][3] Persistent proteinuria is a marker of kidney damage.

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The Bence-Jones protein urine test is used most often to diagnose and check on multiple myeloma, a type of cancer. Or an abnormal Bence-Jones test result may mean you have a type of malignant lymphoma. These are cancers of the lymphatic system. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells.

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Urine chemistries can provide valuable insight into a wide range of clinical conditions. These tests are often underutilized because of the difficulty many physicians find in their interpretation. Whereas a basic metabolic profile obtained from a blood sample has well defined normal values, there are no such values for urine chemistries.

Urine Analysis Report Normal Range

Bence-Jones proteins are small enough to be filtered out by the kidneys. The proteins then spill into the urine. Your provider may order this test: To diagnose conditions that lead to protein in the urine. If you have a lot of protein in your urine. If you have signs of a blood cancer called multiple myeloma.

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Blood in the urine (hematuria) occurs for various reasons. Blood may be visible in the urine as pink, red, or brown. It may also be microscopic and only detected by a urine test (urinalysis). Possible causes of blood in the urine include infection, kidney stones, kidney disease, vigorous exercise, medication side effects, and cancer.

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The Bence Jones protein urine test is one of many tests that doctors can do if they suspect that someone has multiple myeloma, which is a form of blood cancer. Healthy urine does not contain Bence.

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Doctors consider the result of a urine-specific gravity test to be normal if it is within the range 1.003-1.030. However, doctors cannot specify low, acceptable, or high values because many.

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This will lead to a differential glomerular filtration rate for κ-FLC and λ-FLC and may explain the observed ratio of κ-FLC to λ-FLC of 0.625 in serum compared to the ratio of bound κ to λ of 2.0. The laboratory will perform FLC analysis on urine, but a serum sample is preferred for many reasons. Analogous to glucose metabolism, FLC spill.

Interpretation of the Urinalysis (Part 1) Introduction and Inspection Interpretation

Your doctor is likely to ask you for a urine sample. This is to check for abnormal antibodies (paraproteins) made by myeloma cells. One part of the paraprotein is the light chain or Bence Jones protein, which the body gets rid of in the urine. Many people with myeloma have Bence Jones protein in their urine. These protein molecules can damage.

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An alternative to the 24-hour urine specimen is the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPr/Cr), determined in a random urine specimen while the person carries on normal activity. 13, 14.

What Are Normal Urine Test Results

Immunoelectrophoresis - urine. Urine immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures immunoglobulins in a urine sample. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are various types of these proteins that fight different types of infections. Some immunoglobulins can be abnormal and may be due to cancer.

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The main cause of abnormal Bence-Jones protein levels in your urine is a type of cancer called multiple myeloma. This cancer affects your blood cells and forms tumors inside of your bones. This.

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Urine Tests: Normal Values By . Osvaldo Padilla, MD, MPH, Texas Tech Health Science Center; Jude Abadie, PhD, Texas Tech University Health Science Center. Reviewed/Revised Dec 2021 | Modified Sep 2022 View PATIENT EDUCATION Topic Resources 3D Models (0).

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Bence-Jones proteins are a part of regular antibodies called light chains. These proteins are not normally in urine. Sometimes, when your body makes too many antibodies, the level of light chains also rises. Bence-Jones proteins are small enough to be filtered out by the kidneys. The proteins then spill into the urine.